History is a Continuous Clash Between Conflicting Ideas and Forces

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Sociology Ch. 1

Midterm study guide

Question	Answer
Define Anomie	Emile Durkheim's designation for a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society
Conflict Perspectives	the sociological approach that views groups in society as engaged in a continuous power struggle for control of scarce resources
Functionalist perspectives	the sociological approach that views society as a stable, orderly system
High-Income countries	(sometimes referred to as industrial countries) nations with highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and personal income
Industrialization	the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufacturing and related industries.
Latent functions	unintended functions that are hidden and remain unacknowledged by participants
Low-Income countries	(sometimes referred to as underdeveloped countries) nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income.
Macrolevel analysis	an approach that examines whole societies, large scale social structures, and social systems.
Manifest functions	functions that are intended and or overtly recognized by the participants in a social unit.
Microlevel analysis	sociological theory and research that focus on small groups rather than on large-scale social structures
Middle-income countries	(sometimes referred to as developing countries) nations with indistrializing economies and moderate levels of national and personal income
Positivism	a term describing Auguste Comte's belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry
Postmodern perspectives	the sociological approach that attempts to explain social life in modern societies that are characterized by postindustrialization, consumerism, and global communications
Social Darwinism	Herbert Spencers belief that those species of animals, including human beings, best adapted to their environment survive and prosper, whereas those poorly adapted die out.
Social Facts	Emile Durkheim's designation for a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society.
Society	a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
Sociological imagination	C.Wright Mill's term for the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.
Sociology	the systematice study of human society and social interaction
Symbolic interactionist perspectives	the sociological approach that views society as the sum of interactions of individuals and groups.
Theory	a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and (occasionally) predict social events
Urbanization	the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than in rural areas
Sociological perspectives	functionalism, conflict, symbolic interactionism, post modernism
Functionalism	Where the majority of members share a common set of values, beliefs, and behavioral expectations. If anything happens in this system the system no longer functions properly
Conflict	Conflict may take the form of polittics, litigation, negotiation or family discussions about financial matters. Advocates of the conflict perspective view social life as a continuous power struggle
Symbolic interactionism	George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer perspective: people act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them; and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation
Post-modernism	shift from production of goods to consumption of information, services, and products in contemporary societies has created a new form of social control
Emile Durkheim	French sociologist stressed that people are the product of their social environment and that behavior cannot be fully understood in terms of individual biological and psychological traits.
Karl Marx	German economist and philosopher stressed that history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces. He believe conflict is necessary in order to produce social change and a better society.
Max Weber	acknowledged that economic interests are important in shaping human action. Emphasized that sociology should be value free
W.E.B Dubois	Was first African American to recieve a doctorate degree at Harvard. Noted that dual heritage creates conflict for people of color called double-consciousness.
C. Wright Mills	an American sociologist. Mills is best remembered for his 1959 book The Sociological Imagination in which he lays out a view of the proper relationship between biography and history, theory and method in sociological scholarship.

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Source: https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-647665

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