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Inward Make America Free Again Hat

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American entrada slogan

Trump'due south "Brand America Neat Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential entrada earlier Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Bang-up Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let'southward Make America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential entrada. Nib Clinton likewise used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary entrada. Douglas Schoen has called Trump's use of the phrase "probably the nigh resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in decline.[2] [3]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread apply and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded linguistic communication.[iv] [five] [vi] [7] The slogan was as well at the heart of two events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett hate crime hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [10] [11]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a voice communication at the third session of the 76th Usa Congress in anticipation of the 1940 The states presidential election: "What is the way? Here is America. There are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, uppercase, and management; who tin can give the human being of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which will beget vision. That volition make America not bad again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was constitute in some advertisement associated with Barry Goldwater'southward unsuccessful 1964 presidential entrada.[13]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let's make America great once more" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the fourth dimension the U.s.a. was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country'due south economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism amongst the electorate.[14] [fifteen] [16] [17] Within his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned hope, we'll restore hope and nosotros'll welcome them into a great national crusade to make America slap-up over again."[18] [19]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[20] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential entrada.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton'due south 2008 presidential master campaign.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump'south version, used equally a entrada rallying weep, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economic system yous had l years agone, and... move you lot back upward on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell's book about her unsuccessful 2010 bid every bit the Republican nominee for a U.s. Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin'due south Press on August xvi, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let'due south Do What Information technology Takes to Make America Cracking Again.[24]

Use by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Brand America Great Again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump fabricated a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the hereafter, explaining "I must exit all of my options open considering, above all else, we must make America great once more."[25] As well in December 2011, he published a volume using as a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #1 Again" – which in a 2015 reissue was inverse to "Brand America Great Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Bang-up Once more" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January 1, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State's office to create the "Make America Great Once more Party", which would have allowed Trump to be that party's nominee if he had decided to become a third-political party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November seven, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Paw Romney. By his own account, Trump get-go considered "Nosotros Volition Make America Corking", but did not feel similar it had the right "ring" to information technology. "Make America Dandy" was his next slogan idea, but upon farther reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never great. Afterwards selecting "Make America Corking Again", Trump immediately had an chaser register it. (Trump afterwards said he was unaware of Reagan'due south use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark information technology.")[28] On Nov 12 he signed an awarding with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to employ the slogan for political purposes. Information technology was registered as a service marker on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public equally early on as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Make America Great Again" on a roadside in California before long after the November 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Continue America Dandy" hat in December 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump frequently used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which presently became pop amidst his supporters.[32] The slogan was so of import to the campaign that at 1 point it spent more than on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real chapeau x to one. "...just it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys i, that's an advertisement."[28]

Following Trump's ballot, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection entrada would exist "Keep America Groovy" and he sought to trademark information technology.[28] [34] However, Trump's 2020 campaign continued to use the "Brand America Great Again" slogan.[35] Trump'southward vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America great once again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "once again-again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[38]

A 2020 executive lodge, titled "Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture," was nicknamed "Make Federal Buildings Beautiful Again" past proponents and the press.[39] [40] [41]

Less than a week later on Trump left function, he spoke to advisors nearly possibly establishing a third party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Brand America Not bad Once more Party". In his outset few days out of office, he also supported Arizona country party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In tardily January 2021, the one-time president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to forbid Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the Business firm.[42] [43]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump dedicated himself by tweeting "My utilize of social media is not Presidential – information technology'southward MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Again!" on July ane, 2017.[44]

In the outset half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[45] In an commodity for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post's retweet-and-favorite count, which is of import given that the average Trump tweet attracts a full of 107,000."[45]

Trump attributed his victory (in role) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[46] According to RiteTag,[47] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter lone include: ane,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[47]

Donald Trump fix his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly post-obit the declaration (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring afterward his securing the Republican Party nomination (May 3, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[48]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vox of America announcer, among others,[5] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't but appeal to people who hear it equally racist coded language, simply besides to those who accept felt a loss of status equally other groups accept go more than empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America Offset did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before information technology was diluted with other races and other people."[49]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[west]earing a 'Make America Great Over again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you lot wear i, it's a pretty good indication that you share, admire or appreciate President Trump's racist views near Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[6] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did non believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[50] [51] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan every bit "fabled", writing: "Information technology was vague enough to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[52] Polling has shown that about ten percent of blackness voters identified as Trump supporters,[53] [ non-primary source needed ] while about thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[54] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and former Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the contempo global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be little doubtfulness nigh Us President Donald Trump's views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'false news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a hope to 'Make America Groovy Again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, wink, wink—to Make America White Once again."[55]

Use by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and writer Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again [56] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Permit's Do What It Takes To Make America Great Over again.[57]

After Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his ballot campaign and to his politics. Trump's primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Once again" in speeches, inciting Trump to send terminate-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Once more", in response to Trump'due south boycotting the Iowa Jan 28, 2016, argue.[58] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico border.[59] [threescore]

During remarks at the White Firm on May 4, 2022, President Biden referred to former President Trump's "Make America Great Again" motility, saying, "This MAGA crowd is really the virtually farthermost political organization that'south existed in American history, in contempo American history."[61]

Use past political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 bill signing.[62] [63] Former US Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, request: "Exactly when did yous call back America was smashing?"[64] [65] During John McCain'southward memorial service on September ane, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to be made keen again considering America was ever dandy."[66] Trump subsequently tweeted "Make AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" later that 24-hour interval.[67]

Use by hate groups [edit]

A 2018 written report using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used every bit "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[68]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Understanding. The last sentence of the spoken language delivered by him was "make our planet great again."[69]

During his entrada for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, one-time opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia bully again", though he denied having copied Trump.[lxx]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Autonomous Political party used the slogan "Make Eu Lagom Again".[71] [72]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Make Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Futurity Movement take often used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Once again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[73] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the World Greta Again.[74]

The Spanish right party Phonation used as slogan "Hacer a España grande otra vez", or "Make Spain Not bad Again".[75] [76]

In popular culture [edit]

Rap-stone supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Brand America Rage Again" phase properties reminiscent of the "Make America Great Once more" catchphrase equally information technology appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult entertainment [edit]

  • Developed film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Brand America Horny Again" strip club tour. The bout followed Trump'south initial 2016 entrada trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[77]

Advertizing [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Brand America Dunk Once again".[78]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Dandy Again was a street art mural past creative person Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Republic of lithuania.[79] [80]

One-act [edit]

  • Comedian David Cantankerous's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Great Once more".[81]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an clan with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed as the Globe Trade Eye during the September 11 attacks, wore "Brand FishCenter Great Once more" hats.[82] [83] [84]

Manner [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Over again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to article of clothing on Crimson Carpet e.grand. 2017 Grammy Awards.[85]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Great Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[86]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Brand England Great Again" fez hat in i scene.[87]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Again".[88]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use equally his 2020 entrada slogan); one of the Telly spots for the picture show featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does so "to continue my country [America] corking".[89] The next film in the franchise, The Kickoff Purge, was subsequently advertised with a affiche featuring its title stylized on a MAGA lid.[xc]
  • The character Paul in Da five Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the moving-picture show.[91]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Cracking Again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat eleven (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld great over again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Brand America Nazi-Costless Again" in its marketing campaign.[92]
  • In Metal Gear Rise: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Brand America Great Once again" during his speech while battling Raiden.[93]
  • In Hitman ii (2018 video game), an elusive targed named Vincente Murillo is shown doing a broadcast under the slogan Haz que Colombia sea grande otra vez .[94]

Music [edit]

  • Autumn Out Boy released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Brand America Psycho Again.[95]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 chosen M.A.T.A, meaning Brand America Trap Again.[96]
  • Make America Rock Over again was a rock concert tour.[97]
  • Rap stone supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Over again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • UK musician and writer James Kennedy released a rock protest anthology in 2020 chosen 'Make ANGER Great Once again'[98]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Again".[99]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Brand America Keen Again" on his album Be More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Great Again" a few months afterwards actualization at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' wearing apparel.[100]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a hat saying Make America Skate again in Chance the Rapper'due south video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with embrace art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[101]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Great Again.[102]
  • Metal band Thy Art Is Murder released a song called "Brand America Hate Again" on their anthology Human Target (2019). They too sell a hat with the slogan "Make Deathcore Cracking Over again".

Sports [edit]

  • And then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat maxim "Make Baseball game Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Nifty Once more" as the presidential entrada slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[103] Jarret is described equally "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[104]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Brand America Engagement Again",[105] a satirical volume on dating and relationships.

Tv set [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his bear witness Concluding Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original bequeathed proper name of the Trump family.[106] [107] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[107]
  • In the Southward Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump'due south, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[108]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious once more", a line that was compared to Trump past many reviewers.[109] [110] [111] [112]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May 30, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Upshot occurs at 0:00.
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  3. ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (Nov eighteen, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Anything In America Works Anymore". Huff Post . Retrieved November five, 2018.
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  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump campaign swag or symbols of hate?". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February 5, 2019). "MAGA hats and greasepaint are unlike forms of expression, but they share a sure unfortunate DNA". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Telephone call Them past Their Truthful Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump'south slogan, 'Make America dandy again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never Land of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blue-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women belong in the dwelling, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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  9. ^ University, Santa Clara. "The Symbol of Jussie Smollett for American Journalism". www.scu.edu . Retrieved September fifteen, 2021.
  10. ^ Flanagan, Caitlin (January 23, 2019). "The Media Botched the Covington Catholic Story". The Atlantic . Retrieved September 15, 2021.
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  34. ^ Alex Seitz-Wald (March xi, 2018). "'Keep America Great': Afterward year in part, Trump unveils 2020 entrada slogan". NBC News.
  35. ^ Kumar, Anita (May 20, 2020). "Trump tries on MAGA 2.0 for a pandemic era". Politico. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
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  41. ^ Dafoe, Taylor (February 26, 2021). "Joe Biden Has Revoked Trump's Executive Order Mandating Classical-Just Architecture for Federal Buildings, Restoring 'Freedom of Pattern'". Artnet . Retrieved May fourteen, 2022.
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  58. ^ Bradford Richardson (January 27, 2016). "Cruz sells 'Brand Trump Debate Again' hats". TheHill.com . Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  59. ^ Cadman, Dan (May 16, 2016). "'Make America Mexico Once more'". CIS.org . Retrieved February 21, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
  60. ^ Latimer, Brian (May 4, 2016). "'Brand America Mexico Again' Hat Maker: Satire Can Change Conversation". NBC News . Retrieved Feb 21, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  61. ^ Forgey, Quint (May 4, 2022). "Biden: MAGA is the 'most extreme political system' in recent U.S. history". Politico . Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  62. ^ Gonen, Yoav; Campanile, Carl (Baronial 15, 2018). "Cuomo says America 'was never that great'". New York Post . Retrieved Apr 30, 2019.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

jettonoripsensfuld.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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